THE EVOLUTION OF KUDUMBASHREE AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

The evolution of Kudumbashree represents one of the most significant milestones in the history of women’s empowerment and community-based development in Kerala. Launched by the Government of Kerala in 1998 as a poverty eradication and women’s empowerment mission, Kudumbashree has transformed from a localised anti-poverty initiative into one of the world’s largest women’s self-help movements. Built upon the principles of participatory governance, social inclusion, collective action, and decentralised planning, the mission has enabled millions of women to become active participants in economic, social, and political development. Through its three-tier organisational structure comprising Neighbourhood Groups (NHGs), Area Development Societies (ADSs), and Community Development Societies (CDSs), Kudumbashree has strengthened women’s access to microfinance, entrepreneurship, livelihood opportunities, education, health, and local governance. The historical evolution of Kudumbashree reflects the broader transformation of Kerala’s development model, particularly in promoting gender equality and inclusive growth. Since its inception, the mission has expanded its activities beyond poverty alleviation to encompass financial inclusion, skill development, collective farming, micro-enterprises, social welfare, gender justice, digital literacy, and sustainable livelihoods. The programme has significantly improved women’s economic independence, decision-making capacity, leadership skills, and participation in local self-government institutions while contributing to household welfare and community development. This study examines the historical evolution of Kudumbashree by analysing its origin, institutional development, major policy initiatives, organisational expansion, and contributions to women’s empowerment in Kerala. The study also explores the socio-economic, political, and cultural dimensions of empowerment achieved through Kudumbashree while identifying the challenges and opportunities associated with sustaining women’s collective development. The findings contribute to a better understanding of community-driven development, gender-inclusive policymaking, and the role of grassroots institutions in promoting sustainable and equitable development.

Keywords

kudumbashree, women’s empowerment, self-help groups, poverty eradication, kerala, decentralised planning, community development, gender equality.

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To cite this article

Ramya, R. (2026). The Evolution of Kudumbashree and Women’s Empowerment: A Historical Perspective. Sparkling International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Studies, 9(2), 65-78.