Sparkling_v9i2_April-June 2026
June 30, 2026EduSpark_v8i3_July-September 2026
September 30, 2026Sparkling_v9i2_April-June 2026
June 30, 2026EduSpark_v8i3_July-September 2026
September 30, 2026Volume 9 Issue 3
Sparkling
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Studies
(A Quarterly Peer Reviewed/Refereed Multidisciplinary Journal)
Volume 9 Issue 3 July - September 2026
DETERMINANTS OF BANK PROFITABILITY AND PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY ON STATE BANK OF INDIA IN VISAKHAPATNAM
*Ande Keerthi Kailash Nath Babu, & **Sudheesh P. N.
*Student, IV Year, B.B.A., LL.B., Christ Academy Institute of Law, Bengaluru, India.
**Assistant Professor, Christ Academy Institute of Law, Bengaluru, India.
Abstract
The current study attempts to identify the major factors determining the performance and profitability of the State Bank of India (SBI), which is the biggest public sector commercial bank in India. Using a mixed-methods empirical design, the study draws on secondary panel financial data and primary findings from surveys of branch managers in Visakhapatnam. The results show that internal operational drivers, including net interest income from credit lending and operational efficiency, are major triggers for profitability in institutions. Non-performing assets (NPAs) are, however, the major structural challenge to asset quality and return metrics such as ROA and ROE. From an external perspective, the major challenges are macroeconomic instability, the interest rate environment, and regulations from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The analysis shows that digital transformation strategies, along with portfolio diversification through entry into high-yielding retail portfolios and fee-based advisory services, reduce operational costs considerably while stabilizing revenues. These findings suggest that SBI should prioritize operational efficiency, NPA control, digital transformation, and revenue diversification to strengthen profitability in practice and improve performance.
Keywords
banks, non-performing assets, state bank of india, and asset quality.
A STUDY ON INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN MODERN COMMERCE FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
*Dharmaragini, R., & **Lakshmi, S.
*Head and Associate Professor, Department of Commerce and Research Centre, Vivekananda College, Agasteeswaram, Kanniyakumari District, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
**Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Maria Arts and Science College for Women, Vallioor, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract
For businesses to contribute to the growth of the economy in a way that benefits everyone, innovation and entrepreneurship are essential. In a world where technology is evolving quickly, powerful individuals are connected globally, and we must take care of the environment, a good businessperson will always be looking for creative ways to do things. This study examines the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship and how it impacts the economy. The study discusses the significance of developing fresh concepts and examines how entrepreneurship and innovation may support economic expansion, ensure that everyone has access to opportunities, and safeguard the environment. The findings demonstrate how crucial innovation and entrepreneurship are to ensuring that everything is well-balanced. Companies that innovate and launch new ventures contribute to the expansion of the economy in a way that benefits all. To make this happen, entrepreneurship and innovation are essential.
Keywords
innovation, entrepreneurship, modern commerce, sustainable development, economic growth, and economic innovation.
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FEMALE WORKFORCE IN RURAL AREAS OF KERALA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THE WAY FORWARD
Sreekala, S.
Guest Teacher, HSST Economics, Sarvajana Higher Secondary School, Puthucode, Palakkad, Kerala, India.
Abstract
The participation of women in the rural workforce plays a vital role in promoting inclusive economic growth, poverty reduction, and sustainable rural development in Kerala. Although Kerala has achieved remarkable progress in literacy, health, and gender development, the labour force participation rate of rural women remains relatively low compared to their educational attainment. Rural women contribute significantly to agriculture, livestock farming, fisheries, cottage industries, micro-enterprises, self-help groups, and informal sector activities. However, they continue to face numerous challenges, including gender discrimination, wage inequality, limited employment opportunities, unpaid care work, lack of skill development, restricted access to credit, technological barriers, and inadequate social security. Recent economic transformations, migration, mechanisation, climate change, and changing agricultural practices have further influenced women’s employment patterns in rural Kerala. This study examines the status of the female workforce in rural areas of Kerala by analysing labour force participation, employment opportunities, occupational distribution, socio-economic challenges, and policy interventions. The study also investigates the role of education, skill development, entrepreneurship, Kudumbashree, and government employment programmes in promoting women’s economic empowerment. Furthermore, the study identifies emerging opportunities for improving women’s participation in the rural economy and proposes strategies for strengthening sustainable employment and gender-inclusive development. The findings contribute to a better understanding of rural women’s employment dynamics and provide valuable insights for policymakers, development agencies, and researchers working towards women’s economic empowerment and inclusive rural development in Kerala.
Keywords
female workforce, rural women, kerala, labour force participation, employment, women’s empowerment, kudumbashree, rural development.