A TREATISE ON SOCIAL MINDFULNESS IN CHETAN BHAGAT’S SELECT NOVELS
December 31, 2024
A THEMATIC STUDY OF ERNEST HEMINGWAY’S “THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA”
December 31, 2024
A TREATISE ON SOCIAL MINDFULNESS IN CHETAN BHAGAT’S SELECT NOVELS
December 31, 2024
A THEMATIC STUDY OF ERNEST HEMINGWAY’S “THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA”
December 31, 2024

THE REFORM AGENDA OF SREE NARAYANA MOVEMENT: A SPECIAL STUDY OF GURU’S DISCOURSES ON EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

*Sajna Salim, & **Remmiya Rajan, P.

*Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Zamorins Guruvayurappan College, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Malappuram district, Kerala, India.

**Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Zamorin’s Guruvayurappan College, Calicut, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Malappuram district, Kerala, India.

Abstract


“Be enlightened through education, be strengthened through organization, and make progress through industry” (Sree Narayana Guru: 1910)

During the 19th century, the Ezhava population in Travancore was relegated to the lowest rung of the caste hierarchy which hindered their social, educational and economic mobility. However, the Sree Narayana reform movement brought about a significant paradigm shift, empowering the Ezhava community to break free from their socio-economic shackles. By promoting education and entrepreneurship, the movement enabled Ezhavas to access better livelihoods, fulfil their basic needs, and ultimately, improve their overall wellbeing. This paper examines the role of the Sree Narayana reform movement in transforming the Ezhava community from a disadvantaged group to a thriving, educated, and entrepreneurial class, thereby redressing the social and economic disparities of the time.

Keywords


reform, mobility, education, employment, entrepreneurship.

 

References


Aiya,V. Nagam. (1906). The Travancore State Manual, vol.1, Travancore Governme ntPress, Thiruvananthapuram, 1906.

Aiyer, L., A. Krishna. (1939). The Travancore tribes and castes. 2 vols, government press, Trivandrum, 1937-1939.

Bhaskaran, N., K. (1982). The Ezhava Memorial and the founding of the SNDP Yogam. Journal of Kerala Studies, IX, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Bhaskaranunni, P. (1988). Pathonpatham Noottandile Keralam. (Kerala in the 19th century), Kerala Sahitya Academy, Trichur, India.

Bhaskaran, T. (1985). Sree Narayana Guruvinte Sampoorna Krithikal. Mathrubhoomi Printing and Publishing Company Ltd, Calicut, Kerala, India.

Census of Travancore-1875-1941.

Chandramohan, P. (2016). Developmental Modernity in Kerala: Narayana Guru, SNDP Yogam and Social Reform. Tulika Books.

Dr.Palpu. (2017). Thiruvithamkotte Ezhavar. Sithara Books, Kayamkulam, 2017.

Houtart Francois. (1977). Religious Movements in the Third World, as Forms of Protest against Introduction of Capitalistic Social Relations. Civilisations, vol. 27, no.12.

Houtart, Francois. Lemercinier, Genevieve. (1978). Socio-Religious Movements in Kerala: A Reaction to the Capitalist Mode of Production: Part One. Social Scientist, VI(11), Jun, 1978.

Isaac, Thomas. T., M., Tharakan, Michael, P., K. (1985). Sree Narayana Movement in Travancore 1888-1939: Social Basis and Ideological Reproduction, Working Paper no.214, Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Jeffrey, Robin. (1976). The Decline of Nair Dominance, Society and Politics in Travancore, 1847-1908, New Delhi: Vikas Publications.

Keshavan Vaidhyar, C., R. (1990). Sree Narayana Guru Swantham Vachanangaliloode. Kottayam: D. C. Books.

Keshavan, C. (1971). Jeevitha Samaram Moonnam Bhagam. Kottayam: NBS Publications.

Kilby, Peter. (1971). Entrepreneurship and Economic Development. Newyork: The Free Press.

Kumaran, Murkothu. (1971). Sree Narayana Guru Swamikalude Jeevacharithram. Second edition, P. K. Brothers, Calicut, Kerala, India.

Kunjanpillai, (1963). Elamkulam. Kerala Charithra Prasanangal, NBS Kottayam, Kerala, India.

Narayana. D. (1981). Occupational Mobility Caste and Job Reservation. WP no.137. Centre for Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, 1981.

Osella, Filippo and Osella, Caroline. (2000). Social Mobility in Kerala: Modernity and Identity in Conflict. London: Pluto Press.

Parameswaran, P.  (1979). Narayana Guru: The Prophet of Renaissance. New Delhi, India: Suruchi Sahithya Publications.

Ravindran, T, K. (1972). Asan and the Social Revolution in Kerala: a study of his assembly speeches. Kerala Historical Society, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Sanoo, M., K. (1976). Sree Narayana Guru Swamy, Vivekodhayam Printing and Publishing, Irinjalakuda.

Saradamani, K. (1980). Emergence of a Slave Caste: Pulayas of Kerala. New Delhi, India.

Tharakan, Michael, P., K. (1984).  Socio-Economic Factors in Educational Development: Case of 19th Century Travancore. EPW.

Tharakan, Michael, P., K. (1997). History as Development Experience Desegregated and Deconstructed Analysis of Kerala. (Ph.d. Thesis), School of Social Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.

Varghese, T., C. (1970). Agrarian Change and Economic Consequences: Land Tenures in Kerala 1850-1960. Bombay, India: Allied Publications.

Velupillai, T., K. (1906). The Travancore State Manual. vol.I. Kerala Gazetters, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Vivekodayam (m). vol.I, no.1, 1904.

 

To cite this article


Sajna Salim, & Remmiya Rajan, P. (2024). The Reform Agenda of Sree Narayana Movement: A Special Study of Guru’s Discourses on Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship. Sparkling International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Studies, 7(4), 21-30.

Social media & sharing icons powered by UltimatelySocial