EduSpark_v8i1_January-March 2026
March 31, 2026
EduSpark_v8i1_January-March 2026
March 31, 2026

John Foundation Journal of EduSpark

(A Quarterly Peer Reviewed/Refereed Multidisciplinary Journal)

Volume 8 Issue 2 April - June 2026

SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY CHOICES: ELECTRIC CAR USERS’ PURCHASING PATTERNS AND SATISFACTION LEVELS

Preethi, K. N.

Assistant Professor & Head, P.G. Department of Economics, Sree Vidyadhiraja NSS College, Vazhoor, Kottayam District, Kerala, India.

Abstract

The study highlights strong consumer satisfaction and clear motivators driving electric vehicle (EV) adoption. TATA emerges as the most popular brand, favoured by over half of respondents, while MG Motors and Mahindra trail behind. Digital platforms, especially social media, dominate in shaping consumer awareness, surpassing traditional media. Cost efficiency and sustainability are identified as the most influential factors, with lower operating costs and environmental impact leading the rankings, followed by practical considerations such as maintenance and charging infrastructure. However, infrastructural limitations, particularly insufficient charging stations, remain a significant barrier to wider adoption. Despite these challenges, overall sentiment is highly positive, with a Likert scale value of 4 indicating strong satisfaction among users. The findings suggest that affordability, sustainability, and infrastructure development are critical to accelerating EV adoption, while performance-related aspects play a secondary role.

Keywords

electric vehicle, affordability, influencing factors, problems of EVs, level of satisfaction, charging infrastructure, maintenance cost, environmental impact.

Abstract
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EXPLORING THE UNTAPPED POTENTIAL OF FRESHWATER POND AQUACULTURE IN KERALA

*Bejoy D Abraham, & **Shaju, M. J.

*Assistant Professor, Post Graduate and Research Department of Economics, Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta, Kerala and Research Scholar, Research and Post Graduate Department of Economics, Mar Thoma College, Tiruvalla, Kerala. India.

**Associate Professor in Economics, Sree Narayana Law College Poothotta, Ernakulam, Kerala and Research Guide, Research and Post Graduate Department of Economics, Mar Thoma College, Tiruvalla, Kerala. India.

Abstract

Aquaculture is an emerging sector in the modern economy. It helps address the basic problems of traditional agriculture and those created by capture fisheries. Rural people and urban capitalists use artificial tanks for aquaculture development. However, there are large numbers of water bodies and areas that remain unutilised for aquaculture activities. Kerala possesses significant potential for the development of both freshwater and brackish water aquaculture. The unutilised freshwater ponds can be considered as a potential area for the development of freshwater aquaculture. Proper utilisation of freshwater ponds will help people find employment, raise income, and strengthen forward and backward linkages in economic activities across sectors.

Keywords

aquaculture, capture fisheries, freshwater aquaculture, freshwater ponds, pond aquaculture kerala.

Abstract
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EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SCHOOLS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Jaba Singh, J.

 Assistant Professor, Bethlahem College of Education, Karungal, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is a comprehensive educational approach that prepares learners to respond effectively to pressing environmental, social, and economic challenges. Integrated within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ESD emphasises holistic learning, interdisciplinary curriculum design, and participatory pedagogies. Schools play a vital role in promoting sustainability because they shape students during their formative years and influence lifelong behaviours. This article explores the importance of implementing Education for Sustainable Development in school education, as well as the challenges and opportunities involved.

Keywords

sustainable development, transformative learning, challenges, opportunities, and SDGs.

Abstract
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YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN KERALA: AN ANALYSIS OF CAUSES, CHALLENGES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

Reshma, M.

HSST Economics, Pandit Motilal Government Model Higher Secondary School, Near Victoria College, Palakkad, Kerala, India.

Abstract

Entrepreneurship and Youth unemployment have emerged as one of the most pressing socio-economic challenges in Kerala. Despite achieving high literacy rates, educational attainment, and human development indicators, the state continues to experience a significant mismatch between educational qualifications and employment opportunities. The increasing number of educated unemployed youth has resulted in economic dependency, migration, skill underutilization, and social insecurity. This study examines the determinants of youth unemployment in Kerala and evaluates the socio-economic factors contributing to the problem. The study also analyses the effectiveness of government employment initiatives and suggests policy measures to enhance employability and job creation among youth.

Keywords

youth unemployment, employability, skill development, labour market, kerala economy.

Abstract
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AN EVALUATION OF GREEN PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION IN THE SCHOOLS UNDER THE COCHIN MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

*Jane Celine, **Dona Pius, & **Renjini, S.

*Student of Integrated MA Economics, St. Teresas College (Autonomous), Ernakulam, Kerala, India.

**Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, St Teresas College (Autonomous), Ernakulam, Kerala.

***District Coordinator, Haritha Keralam Mission, Ernakulam, Kerala, India.

Abstract

The present aims to evaluate the implementation of the Green Protocol in CBSE-affiliated and Government-aided schools under the Cochin Municipal Corporation. The study uses primary data collected from both the officials and the students of 60 schools out of 138 schools under the Cochin Corporation with a structured questionnaire prepared under the Green Protocol framework of the Haritha Keralam mission. The findings reveal a high level of compliance of schools with Green Protocol guidelines, with the majority of the schools practising waste segregation, promoting reusable materials, and maintaining clean and green campus environments. To measure the extent to which institutions reduce waste generation, Waste Minimisation Index were used, and it is found that CBSE institutions demonstrate slightly better the waste minimisation practices compared to State institutions, with a mean score of 0.941. Resource Recovery Index was used to measure the effectiveness of the institutions in recovering or reusing waste materials, and it is found that CBSE institutions may be more effective in recovering and reusing resources, with a mean score of 0.971. Behaviour Change Index was used to assess the level of environmentally responsible behaviour among staff, and students and it is found that behavioural practices related to environmental awareness and sustainable actions appear to be somewhat stronger in CBSE institutions, with a mean score of mean value 0.700 and Overall Environmental Impact Score also showed higher performance among CBSE institutions, with a higher mean score of 0.888 compared to the schools. Comparative analysis indicates that CBSE schools perform slightly better in waste minimisation, infrastructure, and overall environmental impact, whereas State schools demonstrate stronger administrative compliance. However, challenges still exist in areas such as composting facilities, e-waste management, and liquid waste treatment.

Keywords

haritha keralam mission, green protocol, green certification, sups, sustainability, green schools.

Abstract
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